Red Italic = my comments/thoughts
Yellow highlight = key sections of information
Visual Example (Grid Systems)
REFERENCE: Müller-Brockmann, 2019. Grid Systems In Graphic Design. Niederteufen: Verlag Arthur Niggli, pp.118
Brochure Lufthansa (Grid for the double page) 'The advertising brochure for Lufthansa is built up on a 16-part grid. In this clear and simple design the pictures and text are in precise alignment. The coloured pictures, which are of various size, are arranged in a rhythmic pattern. The title and text are set in two type sizes.' Pg 118
- Thinking about introducing principles into design, this is a good reference for a positive use of design principles to assist in learning.
- The design choices allow the reader to develop an understanding of where the information will be on the page due to the visual consistency.
- Hierarchy is well designed allowing key information to stand out.
- Imagery is has a more unique layout but as they images are positioned the same on both pages the reader cna understand the design and therefore focus on the content (less cognition being used).
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Lost in an iPad - Narrative engagement on paper and tablet
REFERENCE: Mangen, A. and Kuiken, D., 2014. Lost in an iPad. Scientific Study of Literature, 4(2), pp.150-177.
LINK: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Mangen/publication/269692668_Mangen_A_Kuiken_D_2014_Lost_in_an_iPad_Narrative_engagement_on_paper_and_tablet/links/552b5b730cf29b22c9c1a7a3.pdf
When reading on paper, readers have immediate sensory access to text sequence, as well as to the entirety of the text. They can discern visually, as well as sense kinesthetically, their page by page progress through the text; the paper substrate provides physical, tactile, and spatiotemporally fixed cues to text length'. pg152
'In contrast, when reading on screen, readers may see (e.g., using page numbers) but not kinesthetically sense their page by page progress through the text.' pg152
- This supports Jabr (2013) and the development of understanding through physical navigation. Consider this when design and use these points to support Jabr (2013) in essay.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LINK: https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/19/health/19mind.html (Carney, 2012)
psychologists at Princeton and Indiana University had 28 men and women read about three species of aliens, each of which had seven characteristics, like “has blue eyes,” and “eats flower petals and pollen.” Half the participants studied the text in 16-point Arial font, and the other half in 12-point Comic Sans MS or 12-point Bodoni MT, both of which are relatively unfamiliar and harder for the brain to process.
After a short break, the participants took an exam, and those who had studied in the harder-to-read fonts outperformed the others on the test, 85.5 percent to 72.8 percent, on average.
“The reason that the unusual fonts are effective is that it causes us to think more deeply about the material,” a co-author of the study, Daniel M. Oppenheimer, a psychologist at Princeton, wrote in an e-mail. “But we are capable of thinking deeply without being subjected to unusual fonts. Think of it this way, you can’t skim material in a hard to read font, so putting text in a hard-to-read font will force you to read more carefully.”
Then again, so will raw effort, he and other researchers said.
- Interesting ideas about inducing excess cognition to develop a deeper understanding. Wouldn't this just lead to the reader getting fatigued more quickly?
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LINK: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1072&context=university_honors_program
Dressler, E. (2019) Understanding the Effect of Font Type on Reading Comprehension/Memory under Time-Constraints. University of Nebraska at Omaha.
based on their test performance, participants comprehended passages presented in Times New Roman better than in Haettenschweiler.
Previous research has shown that more cognitive engagement leads to deeper processing, which helps in encoding and retrieval (Craik & Tulving, 1975). However these studies have usually been for short passages of text. If an individual has a large amount of text to read in a difficult font more cognitive processing will be to understand the letters in order to read, rather than to understand the content (more extraneous processing = less memory).
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LINK: https://www.fonts.com/content/learning/fontology/level-1/type-anatomy/serif-vs-sans-for-text-in-print
Serif Vs. Sans For Text In Print | Fonts.Com. [online] Available at: https://www.fonts.com/content/learning/fontology/level-1/type-anatomy/serif-vs-sans-for-text-in-print [Accessed 10 November 2020].
Serif typefaces have historically been credited with increasing both the readability and reading speed of long passages of text because they help the eye travel across a line, especially if lines are long or have relatively open word spacing (as with some justified type).
many sans serif typefaces exist that are more legible at any size than some serif designs.
Color and other type treatments
Serif strokes can be thin or thick, subtle or robust. Delicate serifs can be challenging to reproduce crisply in certain scenarios, notably: reversing them out of a dark color, photograph, or pattern (as they will tend to break up); or printing them in CMYK (as the edges will look fuzzy or weak). Printing them in a solid, spot color is less risky. If need be, select a serif typeface with sturdy features, or opt for a sans serif.
- Consider the choice of sans and sans serif based off of the size and purpose for the text. This way the reader can navigate the page and read the text easily with little cognitive exertion.
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